Great Law and Legalism

Click for Audio>Sermon: 10.23.2011

Lectionary Link

19 Pentecost, Cycle A Proper 25, October 23, 2011

Leviticus 19:1-2,15-18 Psalm 90:1-6, 13-17

1 Thessalonians 2:1-8 Matthew 22:34-46

   If I were to ask you for the comparative value of any certain laws in terms of their importance; what would you say?  All are created equal with certain unalienable rights, including Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness?  Or that jaywalking is forbidden in a downtown areas?

  Which is more important?  The Bill of Rights or rules that govern dog owners and cleaning up after their dogs in the park?

  So there are some great principles of law and there are some very detailed contextual rules.  Those contextual rules are important but they cannot be given the same emphasis as the weightier principles of justice and human worth.

  Jesus and his disciples were known to flaunt in practice some of the detailed religious rules:  They ate with tax-collectors and sinners.  Jesus broke the rule of the Sabbath by healing on the Sabbath.  Jesus touched forbidden people, like lepers. Jesus did not follow the rules about segregation of men and women.   The disciples were not diligent about their hand-washing and other rules of ritual purification.

  The members of the various rival groups in Judaism had the practice of argumentation.  While the Gospels often present the interlocutors of Jesus as being antagonistic, in the original context, it was a very rabbinical thing to do to argue about matters of the law.

  When some noticed that Jesus and his disciples were perhaps a bit lax in following the minutiae of the religious law, they wanted to know from him, “Well, Jesus if you are dismissive about some of our religious practices which laws do you regard?  What is the greatest law for you?  After all, in the Torah there are 613 commandment rules; are all commandments of equal importance?”

  If there are 613 commandments, a person definitely needs a religious specialist to keep one informed about all of the details of keeping these 613 commandments.

  Jesus was more of a populist rabbi in that he saw many people who did not and could not take advantage of the religious specialists who were so keen on regulating the lives of the people in their community.  As a populist, he was more interested in presenting the great principles and then leaving to people the task of applying these principles in the detailed events of their lives.

  What was the greatest law?  Love God with all of one’s heart and soul and mind.  And the second greatest law: Love your neighbor as yourself.

  As a populist rabbi, Jesus was encouraging people to be practical about doing their own moral thinking?  How do I determine the validity of my behavior?  Am I loving God with all of my heart?  Am I loving my neighbor as myself?

  We, religious authorities, need to have jobs and so it is important that we make ourselves important to lay people by our theological specialization and by asserting a role of mediation between lay people and God.  Then a person like Jesus comes along and abbreviates the vast complex laws to but two principles, and so encourages people to do their own moral thinking in applying great principles to the actions of their lives.  Imagine people not needing my highly refined Jesuit casuistry regarding moral actions.

  For religious leaders, the order and administration of a community of people can become a foremost priority.  A subtle switch occurs; legalism becomes the expression of administrative control and what can be lost is what is good for each person, namely, loving God and loving one’s neighbor as oneself.

  By stating the great principles of the law, Jesus was also giving people the freedom to interpret and apply them in their lives without fear of being condemned because they could not always perform all the 613 commandments in the prescribed ways.  That sort of freedom is very threatening to religious leaders who are “hung up on the administration” of their truths.  Sadly, the truth of administration of religious behavior has often become the chief feature of organized religion.  In the ascendency of legalism, the great principles can get lost.  That is why I think it is important to go back to the summary of the law as viewed by Jesus.

  Jesus came to make God, the law and the messiah accessible to people.  When religious administration creates a barrier to God, the law and the messiah, then the good news of God for people is lost.  The Gospel for us today is that God has become accessible to us through Jesus Christ.  And Jesus as the Messiah invites us to the great principles of life.  “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.'  `You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'   Let the work of our lives be the constant effort to bring these two greatest of laws into the details of our lives.  Amen.